The Carta Bible Atlas - 5th Revised and Updated Edition by Yohanan Aharoni & Michael Avi-Yonah & Zeev Safrai & Anson F. Rainey & R. Steven Notley

Author:Yohanan Aharoni & Michael Avi-Yonah & Zeev Safrai & Anson F. Rainey & R. Steven Notley
Language: eng
Format: mobi
Tags: Atlases, Education, Reference, Bible Study, Bible Study & Reference, Guides, Religion & Spirituality, History & Culture, Christian Books & Bibles
Publisher: Carta Jerusalem
Published: 2011-10-02T00:00:00+00:00

MAP-182: EZEKIEL'S VISION OF THE RESTORED TRIBES - 573 B.C.

EZEK. 47:13-48:29

EZEK. 48:30-35

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE KINGDOM OF BABYLON - 626 TO 539 B.C.

Chaldean rule over Babylon began officially with Nabopolassar's claim to kingship in 626 B.C.; his hold on the city was consolidated by 623 B.C. Previously, he had been the chieftain of the Chaldean tribes who had long struggled to free southern Mesopotamia from the Assyrian yoke. The ensuing decade saw an alliance between Nabopolassar and Cyaxares II of Media against the Assyrians. The fall of Asshur to the Medes (614 B.C.), and of Nineveh to the combined forces of Media and Babylonia (612 B.C.) and Haran (610 B.C.) marked the expulsion of the Assyrian government from Mesopotamia. From 609 to 605 B.C., the Babylonians continued the war against the Assyrian government-in-exile (supported by Neco II of Egypt) at Carchemish; Nebuchadnezzar reduced that city shortly after the death of his father, Nabopolassar. Henceforth, Cyaxares concentrated on the conquest of Armenia (formerly Urartu) and Cappadocia while Nebuchadnezzar fought to establish firm control over “Hatti land” (the eastern Mediterranean littoral). Egypt tried by military (601 and 587 B.C.) and diplomatic (593 and 587 B.C.) means to challenge Babylonian supremacy in the Levant but to no avail. Destruction of the small territorial states of Judah (586 B.C.), Ammon and Moab (582 B.C.) and the thirteen-year siege of Tyre (585 to 572 B.C.) show that the subject peoples in this area did not readily acquiesce to Babylonian domination. After the troublesome pharaoh Hophra was deposed by Amasis (570 B.C.), Nebuchadnezzar invaded the delta and plundered it (568 B.C.) but established no foothold there.

Nebuchadnezzar was succeeded by Evil-merodach (Amel-Marduk) in 562 B.C. Just before the New Year's Festival in the first of Nisan, the new king released Jehoiachin from prison (thirty-seventh year of exile, twelfth month, twenty-seventh day = 2 April 561 B.C.). Two years later Evil-merodach was slain in a revolt and his brother-in-law, Neriglissar (Nergal-shar-user), became king. After a serious defeat on a campaign into Cappadocia, he died (assassinated?) in Babylon and was followed by his son, Labashi-Marduk, who was shortly dispatched by a coup d'état in March, 556 B.C. A military junta appointed as king Nabonidus (Nabu-naid), the son of a high priestess of the moon god Sin at Haran. His mother may have been of royal Assyrian lineage. Nabonidus, perhaps in collusion with Cyrus II, took Haran from Astyges, king of Media, while the latter was engaged in the struggle with Cyrus.

To rescue the failing economy of Babylonia, Nabonidus took his army to Hamath where he recruited large numbers of troops from the western provinces (Hatti land) and launched a campaign into northern Arabia. He established his headquarters at Tema and appointed his son, Belshazzar (Bel-shar-usur), regent in Babylon. During the next ten years he campaigned southward, going as far as Yathrib (Muslim Medina). He established garrisons at six identifiable oases using native Babylonians and peoples from Hatti land. (In Muhammad's day, five of those oases were occupied

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